Despite having the highest energy self-sufficiency ratio in the world, Middle East energy production decreased by 3% in 2019 (from 86 EJ to 83 EJ). Oil and natural gas production showed opposite trends, the former dropping by 5% in 2019 to 31% of the world's oil production, whereas the latter grew by 3%, maintaining a 16% share of global natural gas supply in 2019.

Saudi Arabia was still by far the largest oil producer in the region in 2019 with a 39% share, followed by Iraq with 17% and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with 14%, surpassing Iran where oil production fell by about one-third in 2019.